åŒć˜ć‚‚ć®ć‚’å«ć‚€é †åˆ—ļ¼ˆé‡č¤‡é †åˆ—ļ¼‰ć®ļ¼’ć¤ć®č€ƒćˆę–¹ćƒ»ę±‚ć‚ę–¹

å “åˆć®ę•°ćØē¢ŗēŽ‡
å “åˆć®ę•°ćØē¢ŗēŽ‡

ļ¼•ęžšć®ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}\fbox{B}\fbox{C}\fbox{D}\fbox{E}$悒äø€åˆ—恫äø¦ć¹ć¦ć§ćć‚‹ę–‡å­—åˆ—ć®ē·ę•°ćÆ単ē“”ćŖ順列ćŖ恮恧$5!$é€šć‚Šć‚ć‚Šć¾ć™ć­ļ¼Ž

恧ćÆļ¼Œę¬”ć®å•é”ŒćÆ恩恆恧恗悇恆恋ļ¼Ÿ

ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$恌ļ¼“Ꞛ恂悊ļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{B}$ćØ$\fbox{C}$恌ļ¼‘Ꞛ恚恤恂悋ļ¼Žć“ć®åˆč؈ļ¼•ęžšć®ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰ć‚’äø€åˆ—恫äø¦ć¹ć¦ć§ćć‚‹ę–‡å­—åˆ—ć®ē·ę•°ćÆå…ØéƒØć§ä½•é€šć‚Šć‹ļ¼Ž

ć“ć®å•é”Œć®ć‚ˆć†ć«ļ¼ŒåŒć˜ć‚‚ć®ć‚’å«ć‚€é †åˆ—ć‚’é‡č¤‡é †åˆ—ćØ恄恄ļ¼Œę™®é€šć®é †åˆ—ć‚ˆć‚Šć‚‚å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ少ćŖ恏ćŖć‚Šć¾ć™ļ¼Ž

恓恮čؘäŗ‹ć§ćÆ

  • é‡č¤‡é †åˆ—ć®ēµ„ćæåˆć‚ć›ć‚’ē”Øć„ć‚‹č€ƒćˆę–¹
  • é‡č¤‡é †åˆ—ć®é‡č¤‡ć§å‰²ć‚‹č€ƒćˆę–¹

悒順恫čŖ¬ę˜Žć—ć¾ć™ļ¼Ž

é‡č¤‡é †åˆ—

å†’é ­ć®å•é”Œć‚’ļ¼’ć¤ć®č€ƒćˆę–¹ć‹ć‚‰č§£ćć¾ć—ć‚‡ć†ļ¼Ž

ļ¼ˆå†ęŽ²ļ¼‰ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$恌ļ¼“Ꞛ恂悊ļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{B}$ćØ$\fbox{C}$恌ļ¼‘Ꞛ恚恤恂悋ļ¼Žć“ć®åˆč؈ļ¼•ęžšć®ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰ć‚’äø€åˆ—恫äø¦ć¹ć¦ć§ćć‚‹ę–‡å­—åˆ—ć®ē·ę•°ćÆå…ØéƒØć§ä½•é€šć‚Šć‹ļ¼Ž

č€ƒćˆę–¹ļ¼‘ļ¼ˆēµ„ćæåˆć‚ć›ļ¼‰

ꬔ恫ēµ„ćæåˆć‚ć›ć‚’ē”Øć„ć¦č§£ćć¾ć—ć‚‡ć†ļ¼Ž

ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰ć‚’äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀćÆå…ØéƒØ恧ļ¼•ćƒ¶ę‰€ć‚悋恋悉ļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$悒äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀ悒éøć¶å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$\Co{5}{3}$恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

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ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$悒äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀ悒ę±ŗ悁悌恰ļ¼Œę®‹ć‚Šć®ļ¼’ćƒ¶ę‰€ć‹ć‚‰ļ¼‘ćƒ¶ę‰€éøć‚“ć§ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{B}$悒äø¦ć¹ć‚Œć°č‰Æ恏ļ¼Œć“ć®å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$\Co{2}{1}$恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

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ꮋ悋$\fbox{C}$恮äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀćÆč‡Ŗ動ēš„恫ę±ŗć¾ć‚‹ć‹ć‚‰ļ¼Œę±‚ć‚ć‚‹å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ

    \begin{align*}\Co{5}{3}\times\Co{2}{1}=\frac{5\cdot4\cdot3}{3\cdot2\cdot1}\times\frac{2}{1}=20\end{align*}

恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

$\fbox{C}$ćÆꮋ悊恮ļ¼‘ćƒ¶ę‰€ć‹ć‚‰ļ¼‘ćƒ¶ę‰€éø恶ćØ考恈悌恰ļ¼Œę±‚ć‚ć‚‹å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$\Co{5}{3}\times\Co{2}{1}\times\Co{1}{1}$ćØę›øć„ć¦ć‚‚ę§‹ć„ć¾ć›ć‚“ļ¼Ž$\Co{1}{1}=1$ćŖ恮恧ļ¼ŒēµęžœćÆå¤‰ć‚ć‚Šć¾ć›ć‚“ć­ļ¼Ž

č€ƒćˆę–¹ļ¼’ļ¼ˆé‡č¤‡ć§å‰²ć‚‹ļ¼‰

ć¾ćšćÆć€Œę™®é€šć®é †åˆ—ć§č€ƒćˆć¦ć‹ć‚‰é‡č¤‡ć§å‰²ć‚‹ć€ćØć„ć†č€ƒćˆę–¹ć§č§£ćć¾ć—ć‚‡ć†ļ¼Ž

ć¾ćšļ¼“ęžšć®ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$悒å…Ø恦åŒŗåˆ„ć—ļ¼Œ$\fbox{A1},\fbox{A2},\fbox{A3}$ćØ恙悋ļ¼Ž

恓恆恙悋ćØļ¼Œē•°ćŖ悋ļ¼•ęžšć®ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A1},\fbox{A2},\fbox{A3},\fbox{B},\fbox{C}$恌恧恍恂恌悋恋悉ļ¼Œć“ć‚Œć‚‰ć®é †åˆ—ćÆ$5!$通悊恂悋ļ¼Ž

恓恮$5!$é€šć‚Šć®é †åˆ—ćć‚Œćžć‚Œć§ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$恮åŒŗåˆ„ć‚’ćŖ恏恙ćØļ¼Œä¾‹ćˆć°

  • $\fbox{A1}\fbox{A2}\fbox{A3}\fbox{B}\fbox{C}$
  • $\fbox{A1}\fbox{A3}\fbox{A2}\fbox{B}\fbox{C}$
  • $\fbox{A2}\fbox{A1}\fbox{A3}\fbox{B}\fbox{C}$
  • $\fbox{A2}\fbox{A3}\fbox{A1}\fbox{B}\fbox{C}$
  • $\fbox{A3}\fbox{A1}\fbox{A2}\fbox{B}\fbox{C}$
  • $\fbox{A3}\fbox{A2}\fbox{A1}\fbox{B}\fbox{C}$

ćÆ恄恚悌悂$\fbox{A}\fbox{A}\fbox{A}\fbox{B}\fbox{C}$ćØćŖ悋ļ¼Ž

åŒę§˜ć«ļ¼Œä»–ć®å “åˆć§ć‚‚ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$恮åŒŗåˆ„ć‚’ćŖ恏恙ćØļ¼Œęœ€åˆć®$5!$é€šć‚Šć®é †åˆ—ć«ćŠć„ć¦$3!(=6)$å€‹ćšć¤åŒć˜ć‚‚ć®ćŒć§ćć‚ćŒć‚‹ļ¼Ž

ć‚ˆć£ć¦ļ¼Œę±‚ć‚ć‚‹å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ

    \begin{align*}\frac{5!}{3!}=\frac{5\cdot4\cdot3\cdot2\cdot1}{6}=20\end{align*}

恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

äø€åŗ¦åŒć˜ć‚‚恮悒å…Ø恦ē•°ćŖ悋ćØćæćŖć›ć°ę™®é€šć®é †åˆ—ć®č€ƒćˆę–¹ćŒć§ćļ¼Œćć®ć‚ćØ恫åŒŗåˆ„ć‚’ćŖćć›ć°åŒć˜ć‚‚ć®ćŒåŒć˜å€‹ę•°ćšć¤ć§ćć‚‹ć®ć§ļ¼Œćć®é‡č¤‡åˆ†ć§å‰²ć‚Œć°č‰Æ恄ćØ恄恆悏恑恧恙恭ļ¼Ž

具体例

ć„ć¾ć®å•é”Œć§ćÆć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$恮ćæļ¼’Ꞛ仄äøŠć‚ć‚Šć¾ć—ćŸćŒļ¼Œä»–ć®ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰ć‚‚ļ¼’Ꞛ仄äøŠć«ćŖć£ć¦ć‚‚č€ƒćˆę–¹ćÆåŒć˜ć§ć™ļ¼Ž

ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$恌ļ¼“Ꞛ恂悊ļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{B}$恌ļ¼’Ꞛ恂悊ļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{C}$恌ļ¼’Ꞛ恂悋ļ¼Žć“ć®åˆč؈ļ¼•ęžšć®ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰ć‚’äø€åˆ—恫äø¦ć¹ć¦ć§ćć‚‹ę–‡å­—åˆ—ć®ē·ę•°ćÆå…ØéƒØć§ä½•é€šć‚Šć‹ļ¼Ž

ć“ć®å•é”Œć‚‚ļ¼’ć¤ć®č€ƒćˆę–¹ć‹ć‚‰č§£ćć¾ć—ć‚‡ć†ļ¼Ž

č§£ē­”ļ¼‘ļ¼ˆēµ„ćæåˆć‚ć›ć‚’ē”Ø恄悋ļ¼‰

ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰ć‚’äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀćÆå…ØéƒØ恧ļ¼—ćƒ¶ę‰€ć‚ć‚‹ć‹ć‚‰ļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$悒äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀ悒éøć¶å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$\Co{7}{3}$恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

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ꮋ悋ļ¼”ćƒ¶ę‰€ć‹ć‚‰ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{B}$悒äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀ悒éøć¶å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$\Co{4}{2}$恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

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ꮋ悋$\fbox{C}$恮äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀćÆč‡Ŗ動ēš„恫ę±ŗć¾ć‚‹ć‹ć‚‰ļ¼Œę±‚ć‚ć‚‹å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ

    \begin{align*}\Co{7}{3}\times\Co{4}{2}=\frac{7\cdot6\cdot5}{3\cdot2\cdot1}\times\frac{4\cdot3}{2\cdot1}=20\end{align*}

恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

$\fbox{C}$ćÆꮋ悊恮ļ¼’ćƒ¶ę‰€ć‹ć‚‰ļ¼’ćƒ¶ę‰€éø恶ćØ考恈悌恰ļ¼Œę±‚ć‚ć‚‹å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$\Co{7}{3}\times\Co{4}{2}\times\Co{2}{2}$ćØę›øć„ć¦ć‚‚ę§‹ć„ć¾ć›ć‚“ļ¼Ž$\Co{2}{2}=1$ćŖ恮恧ļ¼ŒēµęžœćÆå¤‰ć‚ć‚Šć¾ć›ć‚“ć­ļ¼Ž

č§£ē­”ļ¼’ļ¼ˆé‡č¤‡ć§å‰²ć‚‹ļ¼‰

ć¾ćšļ¼“ēØ®é”žć®ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$恝悌恞悌恧å…Ø恦åŒŗåˆ„ć—ļ¼Œ$\fbox{A1},\fbox{A2},\fbox{A3},\fbox{B1},\fbox{B2},\fbox{C1},\fbox{C2}$ć®é †åˆ—ć‚’č€ƒćˆć‚‹ćØļ¼Œå “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$7!$通悊恂悋ļ¼Ž

恓恓恧ļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{A}$恮åŒŗåˆ„ć‚’ćŖ恏恙ćØ$3!$é€šć‚ŠåŒć˜ć‚‚ć®ćŒć§ćļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{B}$恮åŒŗåˆ„ć‚’ćŖ恏恙ćØ$2!$é€šć‚ŠåŒć˜ć‚‚ć®ćŒć§ćļ¼Œć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰$\fbox{C}$恮åŒŗåˆ„ć‚’ćŖ恏恙ćØ$2!$é€šć‚ŠåŒć˜ć‚‚ć®ćŒć§ćć‚‹ļ¼Ž

ć‚ˆć£ć¦ļ¼Œę±‚ć‚ć‚‹å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ

    \begin{align*}\frac{7!}{3!2!2!}=\frac{7\cdot6\cdot5\cdot4\cdot3\cdot2\cdot1}{3\cdot2\cdot1\cdot2\cdot1\cdot2\cdot1}=210\end{align*}

恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

é‡č¤‡é †åˆ—ć®å…¬å¼

ć„ć¾ć®č€ƒćˆę–¹ć‹ć‚‰ä»„äø‹ć®å…¬å¼ćŒå¾—ć‚‰ć‚Œć¾ć™ļ¼Ž

公式ļ¼‘ļ¼ˆēµ„ćæåˆć‚ć›ļ¼‰

ļ¼»é‡č¤‡é †åˆ—恮ē·ę•°ļ¼½$\mrm{A}_1,\mrm{A}_2,\dots,\mrm{A}_n$恌恝悌恞悌$r_1$個, $r_2$個, ā€¦ā€¦, $r_n$å€‹ć‚ć‚‹ćØ恍ļ¼Œć“ć‚Œć‚‰ć®äø¦ć¹ę–¹ć®ē·ę•°ćÆ

    \begin{align*}\Co{r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n}{r_1}\times\Co{r_2+\dots+r_n}{r_2}\times\dots\times\Co{r_{n-1}+r_n}{r_{n-1}}\end{align*}

恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

ć‚«ćƒ¼ćƒ‰ć‚’äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀćÆ$(r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n)$ćƒ¶ę‰€ć‚ć‚‹ć®ć§ļ¼Œęœ€åˆć«$\mrm{A}_1$悒äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “ꉀ悒éøć¶å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$\Co{r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n}{r_1}$恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

恕悉恫ļ¼Œę®‹ć‚‹$(r_2+\dots+r_n)$ćƒ¶ę‰€ć«$\mrm{A}_2$悒äø¦ć¹ć‚‹å “åˆć®ę•°ćÆ$\Co{r_2+\dots+r_n}{r_2}$恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

恓悌悒$\mrm{A}_{n-1}$ć¾ć§åŒę§˜ć«ē¹°ć‚Ščæ”恛恰ļ¼Œ$\mrm{A}_n$悒äø¦ć¹ć‚‹ä½ē½®ćŒę±ŗć¾ć‚Šļ¼Œ

    \begin{align*}\Co{r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n}{r_1}\times\Co{r_2+\dots+r_n}{r_2}\times\dots\times\Co{r_{n-1}+r_n}{r_{n-1}}\end{align*}

ćŒę±‚ć‚ć‚‹äø¦ć¹ę–¹ć®ē·ę•°ć§ć‚ć‚‹ļ¼Ž

公式ļ¼’ļ¼ˆé‡č¤‡ć§å‰²ć‚‹ļ¼‰

ļ¼»é‡č¤‡é †åˆ—恮ē·ę•°ļ¼½$\mrm{A}_1,\mrm{A}_2,\dots,\mrm{A}_n$恌恝悌恞悌$r_1$個, $r_2$個, ā€¦ā€¦, $r_n$å€‹ć‚ć‚‹ćØ恍ļ¼Œć“ć‚Œć‚‰ć®äø¦ć¹ę–¹ć®ē·ę•°ćÆ

    \begin{align*}\frac{(r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n)!}{r_1!r_2!\dots r_n!}\end{align*}

恧恂悋ļ¼Ž

$\mrm{A}_1$, $\mrm{A}_2$, ā€¦ā€¦, $\mrm{A}_n$悒å…Ø恦åŒŗåˆ„ć™ć‚‹ćØļ¼Œ$(r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n)!$通悊恮äø¦ć¹ę–¹ćŒć‚ć‚‹ļ¼Ž

$\mrm{A}_k$ ($k=1,\dots,n$)恮åŒŗåˆ„ć‚’ćŖ恏恗恟ćØćć®é‡č¤‡ćÆ$n_k$通悊恂悋恋悉ļ¼Œé‡č¤‡ć§å‰²ć£ć¦

    \begin{align*}\frac{(r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n)!}{r_1!r_2!\dots r_n!}\end{align*}

恌äø¦ć¹ę–¹ć®ē·ę•°ć§ć‚ć‚‹ļ¼Ž

ļ¼’ć¤ć®å…¬å¼ćÆåŒć˜

ć„ć¾ć®ļ¼’ć¤ć®å…¬å¼ć®č¦‹ćŸē›®ćÆé•ć„ć¾ć™ćŒļ¼ŒåŒć˜ć‚‚ć®ć‚’ę•°ćˆć¦ć„ć‚‹ć®ć§ļ¼’ć¤ć®å…¬å¼ćÆē­‰ć—恏ćŖć£ć¦ć„ć‚‹ćÆ恚恧恙恭ļ¼Ž

恓恮恓ćØćÆļ¼Œēµ„ćæåˆć‚ć›ć®å “åˆć®ę•°$\Co{n}{r}$恌

    \begin{align*}\Co{n}{r}=\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}\end{align*}

ćØč”Ø恕悌悋恓ćØ悒ꀝ恄å‡ŗ恙ćØčØ¼ę˜Žć§ćć¾ć™ļ¼Ž

実際ļ¼Œēµ„ćæåˆć‚ć›ć«ć‚ˆć‚‹å…¬å¼ļ¼‘恋悉å‡ŗē™ŗ恙悋ćØ

    \begin{align*} &\Co{r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n}{r_1}\times\Co{r_2+\dots+r_n}{r_2}\times\dots\times\Co{r_{n-1}+r_n}{r_{n-1}} \\&=\frac{(r_1+r_2+r_3\dots+r_n)!}{r_1!(r_2+r_3\dots+r_n)!}\times\frac{(r_2+r_3\dots+r_n)!}{r_2!(r_3+\dots+r_n)!}\times\dots\times\frac{(r_{n-1}+r_n)!}{r_{n-1}!r_n!} \\&=\frac{(r_1+r_2+\dots+r_n)!}{r_1!r_2!\dots r_n!} \end{align*}

ćØē¶ŗéŗ—恫ē“„åˆ†ć•ć‚Œć¦ļ¼Œé‡č¤‡ć§å‰²ć‚‹č€ƒćˆę–¹ć®å…¬å¼ļ¼’ćØē­‰ć—恄恓ćØćŒåˆ†ć‹ć‚Šć¾ć™ć­ļ¼Ž

ć‚³ćƒ”ćƒ³ćƒˆ